Global Advisors | Quantified Strategy Consulting

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"The Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) is a financial metric that measures the expected profitability of a capital investment by dividing its average annual accounting net profit by the initial or average investment cost, expressed as a percentage." - Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) - Financial ratios

Term: Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) – Financial ratios

"Real knowledge is to know the extent of one’s ignorance." - Confucius - Chinese philosopher

Quote: Confucius – Chinese philosopher

"Game theory is a branch of applied mathematics that studies strategic interactions among rational decision-makers, where the outcome for each participant depends on the choices made by all. It structures these interactions as 'games' consisting of players, their available strategies, and the resulting payoffs." - Game theory - Applied mathematics

Term: Game theory – Applied mathematics

"Fantasizing, projecting yourself into a successful situation is the most powerful means there is of achieving personal goals." - Leonard Lauder - Former CEO of Estée Lauder

Quote: Leonard Lauder – Former CEO of Estée Lauder

"A Contrastive Language Model (CLM) is a non-generative AI system that scores how well a candidate action fits a given state by aligning their vector embeddings instead of predicting text token by token. Typically built using a dual-encoder architecture with a contrastive loss objective (like InfoNCE), it pulls correct state-action pairs together while pushing incorrect ones apart." - Contrastive Language Model (CLM) - Artificial intelligence

Term: Contrastive Language Model (CLM) – Artificial intelligence

"Trailing Twelve Months (TTM) is a financial metric that measures a company's financial performance over the past 12 consecutive months up to the most recent quarter. By continuously rolling forward to include the newest data and dropping the oldest, TTM provides investors with a more current and up-to-date look at revenue, earnings, or cash flow than standard annual reports." - Trailing Twelve Months (TTM) - Corporate reporting

Term: Trailing Twelve Months (TTM) – Corporate reporting

"Today we announced the Claude-led discovery of a molecular machine that we suspect could represent a new gene editing mechanism." - Dario Amodei - Anthropic CEO

Quote: Dario Amodei – Anthropic CEO

"Subordinated debt, or junior debt, is an unsecured or lower-priority loan that ranks below senior debt in the repayment hierarchy during a company's liquidation or bankruptcy. Because junior debt holders are only paid after all senior obligations are fully satisfied, this asset class carries a significantly higher risk of default, which issuers compensate for by offering higher interest rates." - Subordinated (junior) debt - Finance

Term: Subordinated (junior) debt – Finance

"One’s doing well if age improves even slightly one’s capacity to hold onto that vital truism: ‘This too shall pass.’" - Alain de Botton - Author

Quote: Alain de Botton – Author

"I like hopeful as an attitude, not as a strategy." - Drew Barrymore - Actress

Quote: Drew Barrymore – Actress

"Self-actualisation is the lifelong process of realising and fulfilling your unique potential, talents, and capabilities to become your most authentic self. Popularised by psychologist Abraham Maslow as the peak of his hierarchy of needs, it is a continuous journey of personal growth rather than a static destination." - Self-actualisation - Psychology

Term: Self-actualisation – Psychology

"Use your life, use your business, use your philanthropy, use the light that is your life that has been given to you. Use that to lift somebody else up." - Oprah WInfrey - TV celebrity

Quote: Oprah Winfrey – TV celebrity

"RLCD represents Reinforcement Learning for Calibrated Decisions, a training methodology optimised for structured decision-making rather than conversational text generation. This approach rewards models such as Jev based on real-world outcomes and mathematically calibrated confidence levels, producing strict data types and probability scores for deterministic software automation." - Reinforcement Learning for Calibrated Decisions (RLCD) - Artificial intelligence

Term: Reinforcement Learning for Calibrated Decisions (RLCD) – Artificial intelligence

"Winning isn't what makes you feel good. Growth makes you feel good. Sometimes they are the same thing. When you achieve something for the first time, it's growth. You've reached a new level. The win feels satisfying. But when you do it for the tenth time (or the hundredth time), it can feel stale. You're still winning, but you're not necessarily growing." - James Clear - Author of Atomic Habits

Quote: James Clear – Author of Atomic Habits

"A special purpose vehicle (SPV) is a separate legal entity created by a parent company to isolate financial risk, securitise assets, or carry out a specific, narrow objective. By operating as a distinct standalone company with its own balance sheet, the SPV ensures that its liabilities do not affect the parent company, effectively shielding the parent from bankruptcy and financial distress if the isolated venture or project fails." - Commercial law -

Term: Special purpose vehicle (SPV) – Commercial law

"“I think it’s pointless. Like, I think the [mathematics] game is up.” - Tristan Buckmaster - Professor of Mathematics, New York University

Quote: Tristan Buckmaster – Professor of Mathematics, New York University

"The PIC multiple (Paid-in Capital multiple) is a private equity and alternative investment metric that tracks the proportion of a fund's total committed capital that has been officially drawn down by the fund manager. Expressed as a ratio or percentage, it serves as a vital gauge of how aggressively a fund is deploying its resources versus how much 'dry powder' (uncalled capital) remains." - PIC multiple (Paid-in Capital multiple) - Finance

Term: PIC multiple (Paid-in Capital multiple) – Finance

"If human problem-solving disappears by virtue of the AIs becoming strictly and substantially better at it, then most of the time currently spent by modern mathematical researchers will have to be spent on an activity that is altogether pretty different. Whether such an activity is viable as a professional endeavour is something I am unsure of, but strongly encourage others to think about." - Jacob Tsimerman - Professor of mathematics at the University of Toronto

Quote: Jacob Tsimerman – Professor of mathematics at the University of Toronto

"Multiple on Invested Capital (MOIC) is a financial metric used primarily in private equity and venture capital to measure the absolute wealth generated by an investment relative to its initial cost. Calculated by dividing the sum of realised proceeds and unrealized value by the total invested capital, it is expressed as a multiple rather than a percentage." - Multiple on Invested Capital (MOIC) - Investing

Term: Multiple on Invested Capital (MOIC) – Investing

"Whatever your view on AI in mathematics, enabling high school students to push the frontier of mathematical research is something worth celebrating." - Quanquan Gu - UCLA Professor

Quote: Quanquan Gu – UCLA Professor

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